LDW alerts the driver when the vehicle begins to unintentionally drift out of its lane without signaling. It typically uses cameras or sensors to monitor lane markings.

FCW detects an imminent collision with a vehicle or obstacle ahead and alerts the driver to take corrective action, such as braking or steering to avoid the collision.

AEB automatically applies the brakes to prevent or mitigate collisions if the driver does not respond to the FCW alerts. It can significantly reduce the severity of frontal collisions or even prevent them altogether.

ACC automatically adjusts the vehicle’s speed to maintain a safe following distance from the vehicle ahead. It uses sensors to detect the distance and speed of vehicles in front and can accelerate or decelerate as needed.

BSD alerts the driver when there is a vehicle in their blind spot, typically through visual or audible warnings. It helps prevent lane-change accidents by increasing awareness of surrounding vehicles.

RCTA warns the driver of approaching vehicles when backing out of parking spaces or driveways. It uses sensors to detect vehicles approaching from the sides and alerts the driver to avoid collisions.

LKA helps keep the vehicle centered within its lane by providing steering assistance if the vehicle starts to drift out of its lane. It works in conjunction with LDW to provide a more proactive approach to lane-keeping.

TSR identifies and displays traffic signs such as speed limits, no passing zones, and stop signs on the vehicle’s dashboard or heads-up display. It helps drivers stay informed about road regulations and conditions.

AFS adjusts the direction and range of the vehicle’s headlights based on driving conditions, such as vehicle speed, steering angle, and road curvature. It improves visibility and safety during nighttime driving.

RSI monitors road conditions, such as wet or icy surfaces, and provides alerts or adjustments to vehicle systems to enhance traction and stability. It helps drivers adapt to changing road conditions for safer driving.

Similar to BSD, BSM monitors the vehicle’s blind spots and alerts the driver to the presence of vehicles in adjacent lanes. It enhances situational awareness and reduces the risk of side-impact collisions.

NVS uses infrared technology to detect pedestrians, animals, or other obstacles on the road at night or in low-visibility conditions. It provides visual alerts to help drivers avoid collisions in the dark.

TJA combines ACC and LKA to provide semi-autonomous driving capabilities in heavy traffic or congestion. It can control acceleration, braking, and steering to maintain a safe distance and lane position in stop-and-go traffic.

APA assists the driver in parallel or perpendicular parking maneuvers by automatically controlling steering, acceleration, and braking. It helps drivers navigate tight parking spaces with ease.